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Question 1
Read the source THE EVILS OF COCHINEL.
How does Mexico’s social and political reality emerge after the Spanish occupation? What do you think are the main historical insights that can be gleaned from this section? Reason your answers with the source
650 word
Question 2
In this question you should write a short essay on a historical topic while demonstrating knowledge and understanding of the course reading materials. You must answer the question reasonably, based on 4 examples from the course materials (primary and secondary sources)
Be sure to read the question carefully and answer what you have been asked. First sources listed in question 1 should not be used. 1000 word
What were the challenges facing the kings of Spain in coming to dominate New World territories? By what means did the Spanish government try to address these challenges? Explain,to exemplify, AND deepen
Question 3
Choose an initial source or article from the course materials that you did not mention in answer to question 2. What are the highlights of the text you have chosen? What important insights can be gleaned from the source or article in relation to Latin American history during the colonial period? Be careful not to summarize the source, but to focus on the insights that arise from it. Explain and explain your answer. 400 word
Latin America in Colonial Times (The Evils of Cochineal, Tlaxcala, Mexico (1553))
Name
Affiliation
Date
The emergence of Mexico’s Social and Political Reality after the Spanish Occupation
Before the Mexican occupation of Mexico by the Spanish, there exited a different social and political system that changed after their invasion in March 1553. Among the first Spanish to arrive at Mexico’s province of Tlaxcala were Lord Alonso de Galmodos, Miguel Cardenel, a Spaniards who was the interpreter (Taylor et al., pg 114). The Mexicans cultivated maize, chili, and beans mainly for food before the Spanish introduced their cochineal cactus that resulted in the neglection of their previous food crops. Introduction of the cochineal was expected to impact the Mexican’s livelihoods, but that was not the case. Immediately they stopped planting their food crops; the food crop prices escalated while the majority of their fields were filled with grass and eventually resulting in famine (Taylor et al., pg 114).
The social norm of attending the mass on the holly church during Sundays and holy days was neglected. Instead, owners of the cochineal devoted themselves to their cochineals on such occasions that were considered very important among the Mexicans before the emergence of the Spanish. Slavery was introduced when some men hired themselves out to the Spaniards in order to gather dye for them for money and later gave them their women who would later be made slaves. The women given to the Spaniards brought about social ties as they became relatives. Majority of the cochineal owners were characterized with laziness and drinking a thing that never existed before the occupation of the Spanish in Mexico (Taylor et al., pg 115).
In term of political changes, the Mexican’s adopted the Spanish colonial regime. This is evident when a roman script was translated to English by Lockhart as it revealed a traditional hereditary elite making the transition to the Spanish colonial regime’s that consisted of elected officeholders in the municipal council system. The system was attached to the Spanish district governor who was appointed by the Crown. As a result of the problems encountered during the period, a council by the name Calbido was formed to discuss the issues, especially one concerning the increased production of cochineal (Taylor et al., pg 116). The council consisted of Spanish nobles, lords, three native lords, the Corregidor Alonso de Galdos, and an interpreter. The delegation of the board was that one was not supposed to exceed ten cacti, although it was not made into law.
Main Historical Insights that can be gleaned from the Section
Some of the main historical insights that can be gleaned from the Section include, the adoption of the Spanish language, their political system and social systems, the adoption of catholic religion by the Tlaxcala’s and in return assist Cortes in defeating the Aztecs. Several indigenous collaborators were provided with land in New Spain, and Tlaxcala was said to be more privileged as compared to other colonies. According to the article, the Indian nobles living in the land received coats of arms from the existing Spanish Crown, learned how to read and write the Spanish language and later became the first to accept Christian instruction and baptism (Taylor et al., pg 113). From the article on The Evils of Cochineal, Tlaxcala, Mexico (1553) is evidence that the Mexicans ways of living were changed through the adoption of the Spanish way of life. The introduction of cochineal resulted in the neglection of the existing source of livelihood that consisted of maize, chili, and bean farming. Up-to-date, majority of the cultures adopted by the Mexicans from the Spanish after colonization still exist (Taylor et al., pg 114).
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